What is insomnia?

Insomnia means having difficulty in fallen asleep, waking up too early, or waking intermittently, resulting in insufficient sleep.

What causes insomnia?

There is no single cause for insomnia, but a number of factors are known to contribute:

• Psychological - including stress, anxiety or depression
• Lifestyle - jet lag, smoking, consuming drinks with caffeine or other stimulants just before bed-time
• Environment - noise, light or strange odour, insect bits, or uncomfortable bed or extreme room temperatures (hot or cold)
• Physical - frequent urination, coughing, pain and other forms of discomfort.

What are the effects of insomnia?

Occasional nights of disturbed sleep will not have a great effect on your physical health. If insomnia lasts for an extended period of time, it can cause:

• Reduction of creativity
• Slowing of response
• Loss of memory
• Inability to perform complicated tasks.

The irritability that results from insomnia may also affect your partner, family and work colleagues.

How can I deal with insomnia?

Determine and treat the cause of insomnia. If insomnia is only temporary, it can be resolved by methods, other than medication, such as:

• Get into a daily routine, especially in relation to sleep
• Stop smoking
• Get regular exercise, but avoid strenuous activity immediately before going to bed.
• Do not go to bed with a full or empty stomach. Avoid caffeine-containing drinks such as coffee, cola or tea.
• Make your sleeping place comfortable: dark, quiet, not too warm or too cold.
• Do something to relax, such as meditation, listen to soothing music, or have a warm bath.
• If you can't sleep, get up and do something else until you feel sleepy again.

Persistent insomnia needs professional support. Do not take over the-counter treatment. Consult your doctor who will look out for any underlying cause of insomnia and prescribe appropriate treatment for you.

Try out this quiz to test your knowledge on sleep and sleep related disorders. (Please state True/False)

1. Sleep is a time when your body and brain shut down for rest and relaxation.
   • False. Although it is a time when your body rests and restores its energy levels, sleep is an active state that affects both your physical and mental well-being. Adequate restful sleep, like diet and exercise, is critical to good health. Insufficient restful sleep can result in mental and physical health problems and possibly premature death.
2. If you regularly doze off unintentionally during the day, you may need more than just a good night's sleep.
   • True. Many people doze off unintentionally during the day despite getting their usual night of sleep. This could be a sign of a sleep disorder. Approximately 40 million Americans suffer from sleep disorders, including sleep apnea, insomnia, narcolepsy, and restless legs syndrome. An untreated sleep disorder can reduce your daytime productivity, increase your risk of accidents, and put you at risk for illness and even early death.
3. If you snore loudly and persistently at night and are sleepy during the day, you may have a sleep disorder.
   • True. Persistent loud snoring at night and daytime sleepiness are the main symptoms of a common and serious sleep disorder, sleep apnea. Another symptom of sleep apnea is frequent long pauses in breathing during sleep, followed by choking and gasping for breath. People with sleep apnea don't get enough restful sleep, and their daytime performance is often seriously affected. Sleep apnea may also lead to hypertension, heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. However, it can be treated, and the sleep apnea patient can live a normal life.
4. Opening the car window or turning the radio up will keep the drowsy driver awake.
   • False. Opening the car window or turning the radio up may arouse a drowsy driver briefly, but this won't keep that person alert behind the wheel. Even mild drowsiness is enough to reduce concentration and reaction time. The sleep-deprived driver may nod off for a couple of seconds at a time without even knowing it--enough time to kill himself or someone else. It has been estimated that drowsy driving may account for an average of 56,000 reported accidents each year--claiming over 1,500 lives.
5. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder marked by "sleep attacks."
   • True. People with narcolepsy fall asleep uncontrollably --at any time of the day, in all types of situations-- regardless of the amount or quality of sleep they've had the night before. Narcolepsy is characterized by these 'sleep attacks,' as well as by daytime sleepiness, episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis, and disrupted nighttime sleep. Although there is no known cure, medications and behavioral treatments can control symptoms, and people with narcolepsy can live normal lives.
6. The primary cause of insomnia is worry.
   • False. Insomnia has many different causes, including physical and mental conditions and stress. Insomnia is the perception that you don't get enough sleep because you can't fall asleep or stay asleep or get back to sleep once you've awakened during the night. It affects people of all ages, usually for just an occasional night or two, but sometimes for weeks, months, or even years. Because insomnia can become a chronic problem, it is important to get it diagnosed and treated if it persists for more than a month.
7. One cause of not getting enough sleep is restless legs syndrome.
   • True. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a medical condition distinguished by tingling sensations in the legs--and sometimes the arms--while sitting or lying still, especially at bedtime. The person with RLS needs to constantly stretch or move the legs to try to relieve these uncomfortable or painful symptoms. As a result, he or she has difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep and usually feels extremely sleepy and unable to function fully during the day. Good sleep habits and medication can help the person with RLS.
8. The body has a natural ability to adjust to different sleep schedules such as working different shifts or traveling through multiple time zones quickly.
   • False. The human body's biological clock programs each person to feel sleepy during the nighttime hours and to be active during the daylight hours. So people who work the night shift and try to sleep during the day are constantly fighting their biological clocks. This puts them at risk of error and accident at work and of disturbed sleep. The same is true for people who travel through multiple time zones quickly; they get 'jet lag' because they cannot maintain a regular sleep-wake schedule. Sleeping during the day in a dark, quiet bedroom and getting exposure to sufficient bright light at the right time can help improve daytime alertness.
9. People need less sleep as they grow older.
   • False. As we get older, we don't need less sleep, but we often get less sleep. That's because our ability to sleep for long periods of time and to get into the deep restful stages of sleep decreases with age. Older people have more fragile sleep and are more easily disturbed by light, noise, and pain. They also may have medical conditions that contribute to sleep problems. Going to bed at the same time every night and getting up at the same time every morning, getting exposure to natural outdoor light during the day, and sleeping in a cool, dark, quiet place at night may help.
10. More people doze off at the wheel of a car in the early morning or midafternoon than in the evening.
    • True. Our bodies are programmed by our biological clock to experience two natural periods of sleepiness during the 24-hour day, regardless of the amount of sleep we've had in the previous 24 hours. The primary period is between about midnight and 7:00 a.m. A second period of less intense sleepiness is in the midafternoon, between about 1:00 pm and 3:00 pm. This means that we are more at risk of falling asleep at the wheel at these times than in the evening--especially if we haven't been getting enough sleep.