What is constipation?

Constipation is a common problem. It means a change in bowel habits, infrequent stool (less than three times per week), passing stool that is too hard or too small or difficult to pass.

What are the causes?

1. Poor diet, i.e. inadequate water or lack of fiber in food
2. Side effects of some medicines
3. Diseases of digestive system or systemic diseases, e.g. diabetic mellitus, hypothyroidism.

When should I seek help?

Most people can manage the problem at home, without seeing a doctor. However, you should consult a doctor if the problem

• Is new
• Is severe and/or you are in a lot of pain
• Lasts more than 3 weeks
• Is associated with blood in the toilet or on toilet paper after having a bowel movement.

How is constipation treated?

It depends on what the cause of constipation is.

First, your doctor may advise you to try to eat more fiber, drink more water and do more exercise.

If lifestyle modification doesn't help, your doctor may suggest:

• taking medicine, by mouth or by putting in your rectum
• changingthe medicines you are taking for other conditions
• Using 'enema'.

1. Take a high fiber diet with 2 to 3 fruits (e.g. pear, orange) and at least 3 to 4 half-bowls of vegetables (more than 240 gram) everyday. Choose high fiber cereals such as whole wheat bread, oatmeal and whole grain rice. For those with diabetes mellitus, please seek advice from your family doctor or dietitian.
2. Drink adequate fluid eg water, soup and fruit juice.
3. Do exercise every day. It can help to increase the peristaltic movement of the intestine.
4. Lead a regular life and develop a regular bowel habit. Drink some fluid in the morning upon waking to keep the bowel active, or go to the toilet after breakfast.
5. For elderly,if a bedpan or commode chair is needed, pay attention to safety and privacy.