Bacterial pathogen isolation and percentage of antimicrobial resistance, out-patient setting
The presented figures refer to specimens received during the designated year.
| Organism | Drugs | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta-haemolytic streptococci of Lancefield Group A, C & G | Penicillin | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Erythromycin | 10 (55.6%) | 3 (50.0%) | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (100.0%) | 15 (53.6%) | |
| No. | 18 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 28 |
| Organism | Drugs / Resistance phenotype |
2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | Penicillin | 13 (21.7%) | 5 (21.7%) | 1 (12.5%) | 5 (23.8%) | 7 (29.2%) |
| Erythromycin | 53 (88.3%) | 18 (78.3%) | 7 (87.5%) | 15 (71.4%) | 18 (75.0%) | |
| Levofloxacin | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.2%) | |
| No. | 60 | 23 | 8 | 21 | 24 | |
| Haemophilus influenzae | Ampicillin | 162 (48.6%) | 91 (51.4%) | 44 (67.7%) | 221 (58.9%) | 839 (65.9%) |
| Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid | 56 (16.8%) | 27 (15.3%) | 23 (35.4%) | 83 (22.1%) | 351 (25.9%) | |
| No. | 333 | 177 | 65 | 375 | 1355 | |
| Moraxella catarrhalis | BL+ | 224 (100.0%) | 36 (97.3%) | 12 (100.0%) | 217 (98.6%) | 759 (99.7%) |
| No. | 224 | 37 | 12 | 220 | 761 |
| Organism | Drugs / Resistance phenotype |
2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli | Ampicillin | 4134 (64.2%) | 4818 (63.8%) | 3812 (63.0%) | 5321 (62.4%) | 5764 (67.2%) |
| Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid | 359 (5.6%) | 432 (5.7%) | 374 (6.2%) | 555 (6.5%) | 491 (5.7%) | |
| Nitrofurantoin | 68 (1.1%) | 70 (0.9%) | 65 (1.1%) | 67 (0.8%) | 53 (0.6%) | |
| Co-trimoxazole | 2036 (31.6%) | 2291 (30.3%) | 1795 (29.7%) | 2463 (28.9%) | 2763 (32.2%) | |
| Levofloxacin | 2218 (34.4%) | 2689 (35.6%) | 2121 (35.0%) | 3084 (36.1%) | 3165 (36.9%) | |
| ESBL+ | 1093 (17.0%) | 1283 (17.0%) | 1002 (16.6%) | 1121 (13.1%) | 1445 (16.9%) | |
| Imipenem | 6 (0.09%) | 14 (0.19%)# | 10 (0.17%) | 22 (0.26%) | 33 (0.38%) | |
| KPC+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| NDM+ | 6 | 12 | 9 | 22 | 33 | |
| OXA-48-like+ | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| No. | 6444 | 7550 | 6053 | 8533 | 8575 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae complex* | Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid | 109 (8.3%) | 131 (9.2%) | 82 (6.6%) | 140 (6.6%) | 132 (8.1%) |
| Nitrofurantoin | 339 (25.9%) | 446 (31.2%) | 331 (26.6%) | 436 (20.6%) | 257 (15.7%) | |
| Co-trimoxazole | 225 (17.2%) | 234 (16.4%) | 169 (13.6%) | 247 (11.7%) | 248 (15.2%) | |
| Levofloxacin | 134 (10.3%) | 179 (12.5%) | 110 (8.8%) | 147 (6.9%) | 301 (10.6%) | |
| ESBL+ | 94 (7.2%) | 143 (10.0%) | 134 (10.8%) | 109 (5.1%) | 148 (9.1%) | |
| Imipenem | 1 (0.08%) | 1 (0.07%) | 2 (0.16%) | 2 (0.09%) | 6 (0.37%) | |
| KPC+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| NDM+ | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| OXA-48-like+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | |
| No. | 1307 | 1429 | 1244 | 2118 | 1635 | |
| Proteus mirabilis^ | Ampicillin | 294 (38.9%) | 324 (38.9%) | 320 (43.8%) | 464 (42.3%) | 556 (41.5%) |
| Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid | 86 (11.4%) | 101 (12.1%) | 102 (14.0%) | 117 (10.7%) | 135 (10.1%) | |
| Co-trimoxazole | 294 (38.9%) | 328 (39.4%) | 297 (40.6%) | 383 (34.9%) | 482 (36.0%) | |
| Levofloxacin | 129 (17.1%) | 157 (18.9%) | 173 (23.7%) | 184 (16.8%) | 301 (22.5%) | |
| No. | 755 | 832 | 731 | 1098 | 1339 |
| Organism | Drugs | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Campylobacter spp. | Erythromycin | 4 (13.8%) | 13 (37.1%) | 6 (33.3%) | 3 (11.1%) | 5 (17.2%) |
| No. | 29 | 35 | 18 | 27 | 29 | |
| Salmonella spp. | Ampicillin | 51 (67.1%) | 36 (56.3%) | 24 (53.3%) | 22 (44.0%) | 40 (58.0%) |
| Co-trimoxazole | 19 (25.0%) | 12 (18.8%) | 11 (24.4%) | 12 (24.0%) | 10 (14.5%) | |
| Ciprofloxacin | 6 (7.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.2%) | 1 (2.0%) | 4 (5.8%) | |
| No. | 76 | 64 | 45 | 50 | 69 | |
| Shigella spp. | Ampicillin | - | - | - | - | 1 (33.3%) |
| Ciprofloxacin | - | - | - | - | 0 (0.0%) | |
| No. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
| Vibrio spp. | Tetracycline | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (4.4%) | 2 (5.4%) | 1 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| No. | 53 | 45 | 37 | 27 | 10 |
| Organism | Drugs | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staphylococcus aureus | Oxacillin [MRSA] |
304 (29.4%) | 223 (25.5%) | 159 (24.1%) | 175 (26.8%) | 180 (24.0%) |
| No. | 1033 | 875 | 661 | 652 | 750 |
Abbreviations:
MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
BL+ = beta-lactamase positive
ESBL+ = extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positive
* Klebsiella pneumoniae complex is 100% resistant to ampicillin.
^ Proteus mirabilis is 100% resistant to nitrofurantoin.
# one isolate was negative for the CPE genes tested.
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