What is dietary fibre?
- Dietary fibre is the part of plants that cannot be digested and absorbed by the human body. It plays an important role in maintaining our health.
- In general, dietary fibre can be classified into soluble and insoluble forms:
- Soluble fibre is found mostly in beans and legumes, oatmeal, fruit and seeds.
- Insoluble fibre comes mostly from whole grains and vegetables.
Recommendations for dietary fibre
- The daily recommended intake of dietary fibre for adults and teenagers is 25 grams or more.
- For children, the daily requirement of dietary fibre in grams is equivalent to their age plus five. For example, the daily recommended intake of dietary fibre for a six-year-old child is 6+5 grams = 11 grams.
Health benefits of dietary fibre
- Fruit and vegetables help us stay healthy because they are generally rich in dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.
- Dietary fibre promotes bowel movements. It also absorbs water and softens the stool, thereby preventing or relieving constipation, hemorrhoids and diverticulosis.
- Dietary fibre slows down the release of glucose from the intestines into the blood. This in turn helps stabilise blood glucose level and keep diabetes under control.
- Soluble fibre can bind with and remove cholesterol-like substances (such as bile) to help reduce blood cholesterol levels and keep our heart healthy.
- Many studies worldwide have shown that a sustained high-fibre diet lowers the risk of colon cancer. This is probably because dietary fibre increases faecal bulk and promotes bowel movements, which shorten the stay of waste in the bowels.
- High-fibre foods tends to be low in energy and help to increase satiety which can prevent overeating. Therefore, high-fibre foods are useful in weight management.
Ways to increase dietary fibre intake
- Take an adequate amount of fruit and vegetables every day. Adults are recommended to have at least 2 servings of fruit and at least 3 servings of vegetables.
- Choose grains that are high in fibre, such as replace part of the white rice with red or brown rice.
- Substitute dry beans for meat 2-3 times a week.
- Eat wholemeal bread and biscuits instead of breads and biscuits that have a high-sugar and -fat content.
- Read food labels and choose high-fibre foods more frequently.
- Increase dietary fibre intake gradually and drink at least 6-8 cups of fluid every day. Otherwise you may experience discomforts such as diarrhea, bloated stomach and flatulence.
A balanced diet is the most important
Although high-fibre foods are good for our health, they should not be over-consumed. We should maintain a balanced diet, which includes the following major food groups: Grains, Vegetables, Fruit, Meat, Fish, Eggs and Alternatives, as well as Milk and Alternatives. It is advisable to have grains as the main portion of a meal and eat plenty of fruit and vegetables. While Meat and dairy products should be consumed moderately.
(Revised in Feb 2024)