What are MDROs?

MDROs refer to those microorganisms that cause infections not treatable by several classes of commonly used antimicrobials. Although there are some alternative antimicrobials available for treatment, they may be less effective, or cause more side effects. Here are some examples of MDROs:

◇ Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) / Vancomycin-Intermediate / Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA / VRSA)

◇ Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

◇ Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE)

◇ Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter (CRA) / Multi-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter (MDRA)

◇ Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA)

 ◇ Candida auris

Clinical Features

MDROs can normally be carried in people without signs or symptoms. However, immunocompromised or critically ill patients are more prone to be infected, causing pneumonia, urinary tract infection, wound infection or even blood infection. These infections in susceptible patients are often more severe with limited treatment options.

Mode of Transmission

MDROs are transmitted by direct contact with excreta, wounds, secretions of infected patients or contaminated objects and environment surfaces.

Therefore, poor personal and environmental hygiene favour transmission of these organisms.

Treatment

If it is indicated, doctors may prescribe appropriate antimicrobial treatment with reference to the laboratory results. Skin lesions such as boils or abscesses may require incision and drainage.